15 MINUTES OF FAME
TEE SHIRT

ANDY WARHOL August 6,

1928

February 22, 1987

A Day In The Life -

ANDY WARHOL

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ANDY WARHOL 15 MINUTES OF FAME MERCHANDISE

15 minutes of fame is short-lived media publicity or celebrity of an individual or phenomenon.

The expression is credited to Andy Warhol, who included the words "In the future, everyone will

be world-famous for 15 minutes" in the program for the 1968

exhibition of his work at the Moderna Museet in Stockholm, Sweden.

Photographer Nat Finkelstein claims credit for the expression,

stating that he was photographing Warhol in 1966 for a proposed

book. A crowd gathered, trying to get into the pictures, and Warhol

supposedly remarked that everyone wants to be famous, to which

Finkelstein replied, "Yeah, for about fifteen minutes, Andy."

The phenomenon is often used in reference to figures in the

entertainment industry or other areas of popular culture, such

as reality television and YouTube.

Andy Warhol, born Andrew Warhola, August 6, 1928 – February 22,

1987, was an American artist who was a leading figure in the visual

art movement known as pop art. His works explore the relationship

between artistic expression, celebrity culture, and advertisements that flourished by the 1960s.

After a successful career as a commercial illustrator, Warhol became a renowned and

sometimes controversial artist. The Andy Warhol Museum in his native city, Pittsburgh,

Pennsylvania, holds an extensive permanent collection of art and archives. It is the largest

museum in the United States dedicated to a single artist.

Warhol's art used many types of media, including hand drawing, painting, printmaking,

photography, silk screening, sculpture, film, and music. He was also a pioneer in computer-

generated art using Amiga computers that were introduced in 1984, two years before his death. He founded Interview Magazine and was the author of numerous books, including The Philosophy of Andy Warhol and Popism:

The Warhol Sixties.

He managed and produced The Velvet Underground, a rock band that had a strong influence on the evolution of punk rock music. He is also notable as a gay man who lived openly as such before the gay liberation movement. His studio, The Factory, was a well-known gathering place that brought together distinguished intellectuals, drag queens, playwrights, Bohemian street people, Hollywood celebrities, and wealthy patrons.

"TITTER YE NOT"

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There was a double celebration in the Murray household.

Not only did her son win Wimbledon, she later went on to come first in an Andy Warhol lookalike contest.

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Andy Warhol said in the future everyone will be famous for fifteen minutes;

That means Roger Bannister has eleven minutes left.

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Warhol has been the subject of numerous retrospective exhibitions, books, and feature and documentary films. He coined the widely used expression "15 minutes of fame". Many of his creations are very collectible and highly valuable. The highest price ever paid for a Warhol painting is US $105 million for a 1963 canvas titled " Silver Car Crash (Double Disaster) ". A 2009 article in The Economist described Warhol as the "bellwether of the art market". Warhol's works include some of the most expensive paintings ever sold.

Warhol was born on August 6, 1928, in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He was the fourth child of Ondrej Warhola (Americanised as Andrew Warhola, Sr., 1889–1942) and Julia (née Zavacká, 1892–1972), whose first child was born in their homeland (in Ukraine) and died before their move to the U.S. His parents were working-class Lemko emigrants from Mikó (now called Miková), located in today's north-eastern Slovakia, part of the former Austro-Hungarian Empire. Warhol's father immigrated to the United States in 1914, and his mother joined him in 1921, after the death of Warhol's grandparents.

Warhol's father worked in a coal mine. The family lived at 55 Beelen Street and later at 3252 Dawson Street in the Oakland neighbourhood of Pittsburgh. The family was Byzantine Catholic and attended St. John Chrysostom Byzantine Catholic Church. Andy Warhol had two older brothers—Pavol (Paul), the oldest, was born before the family emigrated; Ján was born in Pittsburgh. Pavol's son, James Warhola, became a successful children's book illustrator.

In third grade, Warhol had Sydenham's chorea (also known as St. Vitus' Dance ), the nervous system disease that causes involuntary movements of the extremities, which is believed to be a complication of scarlet fever, which causes skin pigmentation and blotchiness. He became a hypochondriac, developing a fear of hospitals and doctors. Often bedridden as a child, he became an outcast at school and bonded with his mother. At times when he was confined to bed, he drew, listened to the radio, and collected pictures of movie stars around his bed. Warhol later described this period as very important in the development of his personality, skill-set, and sexual preferences. When Warhol was 13, his father died in an accident.

POP ART BOOK BY ANDY WARHOL

As a teenager, Warhol graduated from Schenley High School in 1945. After graduating from high school, his intentions were to study art education at the University of Pittsburgh in the hope of becoming an art teacher, but his plans changed, and he enrolled in the Carnegie Institute of Technology in Pittsburgh, where he studied commercial art. During his time there, Warhol joined the campus Modern Dance Club and Beaux Arts Society. He also served as art director of the student art magazine, Cano, illustrating a cover in 1948 and a full-page interior illustration in 1949. These are believed to be his first two

published artworks. Warhol earned a Bachelor of Fine Arts in pictorial design in 1949.

Later that year, he moved to New York City and began a career in magazine

illustration and advertising.

During the 1950s, Warhol gained fame for his whimsical ink drawings of shoes

advertisements. These were done in a loose, blotted-ink style and figured in some of

his earliest showings at the Bodley Gallery in New York. With the concurrent rapid

expansion of the record industry and the introduction of the vinyl record, Hi-Fi, and

stereophonic recordings, RCA Records hired Warhol, along with another freelance

artist, Sid Maurer, to design album covers and promotional materials.

Warhol was an early adopter of the silk screen printmaking process as a technique

for making paintings. His earliest silk-screening in painting involved hand-drawn

images, though he soon progressed to the use of photographically derived silk

screening in paintings. Prior to entering the field of fine art, Warhol's commercial art

background also involved innovative techniques for image making that were

somewhat related to printmaking techniques. When rendering commercial objects for

advertising, Warhol devised a technique that resulted in a characteristic image. His

imagery used in advertising was often executed by means of applying ink to paper and

then blotting the ink while still wet. This was akin to a printmaking process on the most

rudimentary scale.

Warhol's work, both as a commercial artist and later a fine artist, displays a casual

approach to image making, in which chance plays a role and mistakes and

unintentional marks are tolerated. The resulting imagery in both Warhol's commercial

art and later in his fine art endeavours is often replete with imperfection—smudges and smears can often be found. In his book, POPism, Warhol writes, "When you do something exactly wrong, you always turn up something."

He began exhibiting his work during the 1950s. He held exhibitions at the Hugo Gallery and the Bodley Gallery in New York City, and in California, his first West Coast gallery exhibition was on July 9, 1962, in the Ferus Gallery of Los Angeles. The exhibition marked his West Coast debut of pop art. Andy Warhol's first New York solo pop art exhibition was hosted at Eleanor Ward's Stable Gallery, November 6–24, 1962. The exhibit included the works Marilyn Diptych, 100 Soup Cans, 100 Coke Bottles, and 100 Dollar Bills. At the Stable Gallery exhibit, the artist met for the first time poet John Giorno, who would star in Warhol's first film, Sleep, in 1963.

It was during the 1960s that Warhol began to make paintings of iconic American objects such as dollar bills, mushroom clouds, electric chairs, Campbell's Soup Cans, Coca-Cola bottles, celebrities such as Marilyn Monroe, Elvis Presley, Marlon Brando, Troy Donahue, Muhammad Ali, and Elizabeth Taylor, as well as newspaper headlines or photographs of police dogs attacking civil rights protesters. During these years, he founded his studio, " The Factory, " and gathered about him a wide range of artists, writers, musicians, and underground celebrities. His work became popular and controversial. Warhol had

this to say about Coca-Cola:

What's great about this country is that America started the tradition where the richest consumers buy essentially the same things as the poorest. You can be watching TV and see Coca-Cola, and you know that the President drinks Coca-Cola, Liz Taylor drinks Coca-Cola, and just think, you can drink Coca-Cola, too. A Coke is a Coke and no amount of money can get you a better Coke than the one the bum on the corner is drinking. All the Cokes are the same and all the Cokes are good. Liz Taylor knows it, the President knows it, the bum knows it, and you know it.

15 MINUTES OF FAME - SHEEP ON DRUGS

New York City's Museum of Modern Art hosted a Symposium on pop art in December 1962, during which artists like Warhol were attacked for "capitulating" to consumerism. Critics were scandalized by Warhol's open embrace of market culture. This symposium set the tone for Warhol's reception. Throughout the decade, it became increasingly clear that there had been a profound change in the culture of the art world and that Warhol was at the centre of that shift.

A pivotal event was the 1964 exhibit The American Supermarket, a

show held in Paul Bianchini's Upper East Side gallery. The show

was presented as a typical U.S. small supermarket environment,

except that everything in it—from the produce, canned goods, meat,

posters on the wall, etc.—were created by six prominent pop artists

of the time, among them the controversial (and like-minded) Billy

Apple, Mary Inman, and Robert Watts. Warhol's painting of a can of

Campbell's soup cost $1,500 while each autographed can sold for

$6. The exhibit was one of the first mass events that directly

confronted the general public with both pop art and the perennial

question of what art is.

As an advertisement illustrator in the 1950s, Warhol used assistants

to increase his productivity. Collaboration would remain a defining

(and controversial) aspect of his working methods throughout his

career; this was particularly true in the 1960s. One of the most

important collaborators during this period were Gerard Malanga.

Malanga assisted the artist with the production of silkscreens, films,

sculpture, and other works at "The Factory", Warhol's aluminum foil-and-silver-paint-lined studio on 47th Street (later moved to Broadway). Other members of Warhol's Factory crowd included Freddie Herko, Ondine, Ronald Tavel, Mary Woronov, Billy Name, and Brigid Berlin (from whom he apparently got the idea to tape-record his phone conversations).

During the 1960s, Warhol also groomed a retinue of bohemian and counterculture eccentrics upon whom he bestowed the designation "Superstars", including Nico, Joe Dallesandro, Edie Sedgwick, Viva, Ultra Violet. Holly Woodlawn, Jackie Curtis, and Candy Darling. These people all participated in the Factory films, and some—like Berlin—remained friends with Warhol until his death. Important figures in the New York underground art/cinema world, such as writer John Giorno and filmmaker Jack Smith, also appear in Warhol films of the 1960s, revealing Warhol's connections to a diverse range of artistic scenes during this time. Less well known was his support and collaboration with several teenagers during this era, who would achieve prominence later in life, including writer David Dalton, photographer Stephen Shore, and artist Bibbe Hansen (mother of pop musician Beck).

On June 3, 1968, radical feminist writer Valerie Solanas shot Warhol

and Mario Amaya, art critic and curator, at Warhol's studio.

Before the shooting, Solanas had been a marginal figure in the Factory

scene. She authored in 1967 the S.C.U.M. Manifesto, a separatist

feminist tract that advocated the elimination of men, and appeared in

the 1968 Warhol film I, a Man. Earlier on the day of the attack, Solanas

had been turned away from the Factory after asking for the return of a

script she had given to Warhol. The script had apparently been

misplaced.

Amaya received only minor injuries and was released from the hospital

later the same day. Warhol was seriously wounded by the attack and

barely survived:

Surgeons opened his chest and massaged his heart to

help stimulate its movement again. He suffered physical effects for the

rest of his life, including being required to wear a surgical corset. The

shooting had a profound effect on Warhol's life and art. Solanas was

arrested the day after the assault. By way of explanation, she said

that Warhol "had too much control over my life." She was eventually sentenced to three years under the control of the Department of Corrections. After the shooting, the Factory scene was heavily increased with security, and for many, the "Factory 60s" ended.

I SHOT ANDY WARHOL

- VALERIE SOLANAS

Compared to the success and scandal of Warhol's work in the 1960s, the 1970s were a much quieter decade, as he became more entrepreneurial. According to Bob Colacello, Warhol devoted much of his time to rounding up new, rich patrons for portrait commissions—including the Shah of Iran Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, his wife Empress Farah Pahlavi, his sister Princess Ashraf Pahlavi, Mick Jagger, Liza Minnelli, John Lennon , Diana Ross, and Brigitte Bardot. Warhol's famous portrait of Chinese Communist leader Mao Zedong was created in 1973. He also founded, with Gerard Malanga, Interview magazine and published The Philosophy of Andy Warhol (1975). An idea expressed in the book:

"Making money is art, and working is art, and good business is the best art."

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Warhol used to socialize at various nightspots in New York City, including Max's Kansas City, and, later in the 1970s, Studio 54. He was generally regarded as quiet, shy, and a meticulous observer. Art critic Robert Hughes called him "the white mole of Union Square." With his longtime friend Stuart Pivar, Warhol founded the New York Academy of Art in 1979.

Warhol had a re-emergence of critical and financial success in the 1980s, partially due to his affiliation and friendships with a number of prolific younger artists, who were dominating the "bull market" of 1980s New York art:

Jean-Michel Basquiat, Julian Schnabel, David Salle, and other so-called Neo-Expressionists, as well as members of the Transavantgarde movement in Europe, including Francesco Clemente and Enzo Cucchi.

By this period, Warhol was being criticized for becoming merely a "business artist". In 1979, reviewers disliked his exhibits of portraits of 1970s personalities and celebrities, calling them superficial, facile, and commercial, with no depth or indication of the significance of the subjects. They also criticized his 1980 exhibit of 10 portraits at the Jewish Museum in Manhattan, entitled Jewish Geniuses, which Warhol—who was uninterested in Judaism and Jews—had described in his diary as "They're going to sell." In hindsight, however, some critics have come to view Warhol's superficiality and commerciality as "the most brilliant mirror of our times," contending that " Warhol had captured something irresistible about the zeitgeist of American culture in the 1970s ."

Warhol also had an appreciation for intense Hollywood glamour. He once said:

"I love Los Angeles. I love Hollywood. They're so beautiful. Everything's plastic, but I love plastic. I want to be plastic."

Warhol died in Manhattan at 6:32 am on February 22, 1987. According to

news reports, he had been making a good recovery from a routine gallbladder

surgery at New York Hospital before dying in his sleep from a sudden

postoperative cardiac arrhythmia. Prior to his diagnosis and operation, Warhol

delayed having his recurring gallbladder problems checked, as he was afraid

to enter hospitals and see doctors. His family sued the hospital for inadequate

care, saying that the arrhythmia was caused by improper care and water

intoxication. The malpractice case was quickly settled out of court; Warhol's

family received an undisclosed sum of money.

Warhol's body was taken back to Pittsburgh by his brothers for burial. The

wake was at Thomas P. Kunsak Funeral Home and was an open-coffin

ceremony. The coffin was a solid bronze casket with gold-plated rails and white

upholstery. Warhol was dressed in a black cashmere suit, a paisley tie, a

platinum wig, and sunglasses. He was posed holding a small prayer book and

a red rose. The funeral liturgy was held at the Holy Ghost Byzantine Catholic

Church on Pittsburgh's North Side. The eulogy was given by Monsignor Peter

Tay. Yoko Ono and John Richardson were speakers. The coffin was covered with white roses and asparagus ferns. After the liturgy, the coffin was driven to St. John the Baptist Byzantine Catholic Cemetery in Bethel Park, a south suburb of Pittsburgh. At the grave, the priest said a brief prayer and sprinkled holy water on the casket. Before the coffin was lowered, Paige Powell dropped a copy of Interview magazine, an Interview T-shirt, and a bottle of the Estee Lauder perfume "Beautiful" into the grave. Warhol was buried next to his mother and father. A memorial service was held in Manhattan for Warhol on April 1, 1987, at St. Patrick's Cathedral, New York.

Warhol's will dictated that his entire estate— with the exception of a few modest legacies to family members —would go to create a foundation dedicated to the "advancement of the visual arts". Warhol had so many possessions that it took Sotheby's nine days to auction his estate; the auction grossed more than US $20 million. In 1987, in accordance with Warhol's will, the Andy Warhol Foundation for the Visual Arts began. The foundation serves as the estate of Andy Warhol, but also has a mission "to foster innovative artistic expression and the creative process" and is "focused primarily on supporting work of a challenging and often experimental nature."

In 2002, the U.S. Postal Service issued an 18-cent stamp commemorating Warhol. Designed by Richard Sheaff of Scottsdale, Arizona, the stamp was unveiled at a ceremony at The Andy Warhol Museum and features Warhol's painting Self-Portrait, 1964. In March 2011, a chrome statue of Andy Warhol and his Polaroid camera was revealed at Union Square in New York City.

Dying is the most embarrassing thing that can ever happen to you,

because someone's got to take care of all your details.

Andy Warhol